Page 21 - EXPOTIME!Sept2017

Analysis

a growing success, for example on the Rhine and the Tourism of the attraction parks proposes the leisure,
Danube or on the trip from Saint-Petersburg to Mos- fairground activities, spectacles, sometimes with a lodg-
cow. The journey can take place using individual barges ing there on the spot. The attractions often rest on a
through the rivers and the channels. In 2010, about 15 theme: the universe of the drawings enlivened in the
millions of people ventured in cruises. Disney parks of which the first has been created in Flor-
ida in 1955, the ambiance of a movies studio to the Uni-
The tourism of big hike or trekking allows small groups versal park of Orlando, of the historic reconstitutions in
to do a journey by foot that punctuated by bivouacs un- the Puy of the Mad in French Vendée, the presentation
der the tent or at the inhabitant. Animals, dromedaries of marine animals in the Marineland of Antibes, and of
in the Sahara, slippers in Morocco, donkeys or llamas in folklore in the Médina Alzahra of Sousse.
the Andes, carry luggage. The Himalayas, the Andes, the
Sahara are counted among the destinations the most ap- The sporty tourism that unites many spectators on the
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preciated valued ones. The cycling tourism is a variant occasion of big international meetings is revealed to be
founded on hikes to bicycle. close to parks of attraction. It requires the specialized
infrastructure planning, stages, gymnasiums, velodroms,
The "Holidays Club"or "Holiday Village"Tourism is seden- and other various tracks… The sporty tourism also in-
tary. Some non-profit making organizations such as the cludes physical activities such as the climbing, rowing
Caisse Suisse de Voyage, or, more often, those bearing a or the Canoe…
commercial character like the Walt Disney Company or
the Mediterranean Club, propose a more or less individ- The business tourism rests on the organization of con-
ual accommodation facilities with common hotel servic- vention, seminaries, specialized lounges to which partic-
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es and leisure activities. The Mediterranean Club which ipate the entrepreneurs and a part their staff. During
was founded in 1950, possessed 80 "villages"in the world these meetings the entrepreneurs present their prod-
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by 2013. In some countries, traditional habitats are ucts, study questions of common interest, try to mo-
rehabilitated thus allowing the tourists to stay in Asian tivate their employees and reward the most deserving
lacustrine villages, Mongol yourtes and African huts. ones. This generally lucky clientele chooses hotels of
Cities of the Far West are reconstituted in the United luxury and do many purchases. The big cities build some
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States. Upper Canada Village, in Ontario, is a small arti- convention centers to attract this type of clients.
ficial city composed of authentic buildings: made up of
houses, churches, forges, boutiques dating from the 19 II. The Economic Dimension of Tourism
th cent., the have been disassembled in various regions
and rebuilt in a new place; extras in costume of time Tourism took a considerable importance by its massive
create an animation, drive a diligence and work in the character. In 2013, for the first time, the number of tour-
shops. A temporary sedentary lifestyle unites the camp- ists in the world exceeded the symbolic number of the
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ers who install their tent or their "camping-car"in an es- billion. France constitutes the first destination with 83
tablishment endowed with collective facilities, sanitary, millions of visitors in 2016, followed by the United States
swimming pool, games of children, trades, dancing track (67 millions in 2012) and China (58 millions in 2012).
and others…
The returns are indeed considerable: the United States
Tourism to national parks consists in staying in territories tops the list with 126 billions of dollars, followed by
where the fauna, the flora, and the natural habitat are Spain (67 billions) and France (54 billions). The more
protected, without the interruption of traditional activ- visited cities are, in the order, Paris, London and New
ities. The first park was created in Yellowstone, in the York. The Mediterranean basin remains the first regional
United States, in 1872. In 2003, in the world 3881 parks destination of the world with 280 millions arrivals, ei-
were counted of which 59 were situated in the United ther a fifth of the total and 30% of the turnover on the
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States, 70 in Brazil, 208 in China, 17 in Tunisia. Some subject. Tourism, such a strong activity that creates
are across-borders as the Mercantour shared between numerous jobs: in Egypt, before the crisis, about 3 mil-
France and Italy. Some are registered to the world Herit- lion people depended directly or indirectly on tourism;
age of the UNESCO, like The Kilimandjaro in Tanzania. 22 and in France it was almost one million. These jobs were
of various kinds: hotels, restaurants, management, guid-
Tourism of the attraction parks proposes the leisure, ance, animation, without forgetting the induced activi-
fairground activities, spectacles, sometimes with a lodg- ties such as the construction of infrastructures, buildings
ing there on the spot. The attractions often rest on a and trades. 28
theme: the universe of the drawings enlivened in the
Disney parks of which the first has been created in Flor- The economic and cultural importance of tourism has
ida in 1955, the ambiance of a movies studio to the Uni- inspired the creation of specialized organizations. The
versal park of Orlando, of the historic reconstitutions in World Organization of the Tourism (WOT), situated in
the Puy of the Mad in French Vendée, the presentation Madrid, is the last incarnation of institutions of the same
of marine animals in the Marineland of Antibes, and of kind created in-between two wars. Founded in 1970,
folklore in the Medina Alzahra of Sousse. 23 only to come to force from 1974, the WOT, is a special-

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EXPOTIME!, issue August/September 2017